LED Kya Hai?

Aaj kal jahan bhi dekhoge LED, LED aur LED hi nazar aayega - ghar mein, office mein, bahar bhi streetlights mein. LED technology ne industrial aur domestic lighting dono jagah apna kabza kar liya hai. Lekin kya aap jaante ho ki yeh LED kya cheez hai aur kaise kaam karta hai?

LED ka full form hai Light Emitting Diode. Diode ek semiconductor device hota hai jo current ko sirf ek hi direction mein flow karne deta hai. Aur LED uska hi ek special case hai jo light emit karta hai jab current usme flow hota hai.

Bulb ya tubelight jaisi traditional lighting mein light ka source ek filament ya gas hota hai jo heat se glow karta hai. LED mein yeh heat production nahi hoti kyunki yahan pe light emission electroluminescence ke karan hoti hai.

LED mein do semiconductor layers hoti hain - ek positive aur ek negative. Jab inme current flow hota hai, toh electrons aur holes dono ek dusre se collide karte hain. Yeh collision se ek photon generate hota hai, aur yahi photon ham dekhte hain light ke roop mein.

Haan toh ab samajh aaya ki LED ek aise semiconductor device se bana hai jo light emit karta hai. Lekin iska kya fayda hai aur kyun humein LED ko use karna chahiye, yeh jaanne ke liye padho aage!

Benefits of LEDs

1) Low Power Consumption

LED bahut kam power consume karte hain as compared to traditional bulbs ya CFLs. Kabhi dekha hoga LED bulb ke packaging pe likha hota hai ki kitne watt ki consuming power hai uss bulb ki. Traditional bulbs usually 60W tak hoti hain, lekin LED bulb utni hi brightness ke liye 6-8W hi consume karti hai. Kitni badi saving hai na?

2) Long Lasting

LED lights kahi zyada durable hain. Ek traditional bulb ya CFL ka average lifespan 1000-2000 hours ka hota hai. Udhar LED bulbs easily 25,000 - 50,000 hours tak chal sakti hain. Matlab ek LED bulb 2-4 saal roz 8 ghante jalaya jaaye toh bhi utne hi time mein nahin badalni padegi!  

3) Cool Operation

Kyunki LED mein heat generation hi nahi hoti isiliye yeh thandi rehti hai operation ke time. LED lights touch karne pe bhi garam nahi lagti. Traditional halogens ya filament bulbs garmi nikalne lagte hain isliye unka temperature badhta rehta hai.

4) Eco-Friendly

Low power khapanne aur CFL aur bulb jaise materials se avoid hone ki vajah se LED bahut eco-friendly hote hain. Kam greenhouse gas emissions hoti hai aur hazardous materials bhi kam use hote hain. Aur saath hi long life span bhi hai to waste kam hota hai.  

5) Versatile Applications

Kyunki LED really small size ke hote hain, toh inko kisi bhi shape aur design mein manufacture kiya ja sakta hai. Isiliye aaj kal apna dekhoge to LED strips, LED panels, fancy designed LED lamps har jagah use ho rahe hain. Interior aur exterior dono jagah design ke saath brightness hasil ki ja sakti hai.

Iske alava LED bahut colors mein bhi available hain - red, green, blue, yellow, sab kuch mil jaata hai. RGB LEDs bhi hain jinme ek hi bulb mein in teeno colors ke LEDs honge to aise programmable hote hain ki kisi bhi color ka light de sakte hain.

Cons of LED Lights

Lekin har ek cheez ki kuch disadvantages bhi hoti hai, LED mein bhi kuch cons hain:

1) High Initial Cost

Sabse badi cheez toh hai inki high initial cost. LED lights ki manufacturing process thodi complex aur costly hai isiliye ab bhi inki cost traditional options se zyada hai. Ek LED bulb ka price minimum 250-300 rupees ka hota hai. Lekin isme bhi baatein chal rahi hain ki price aur kam kiya jaaye ta ki har ghar LED lights afford kar sake.

2) Heat Sensitivity 

LED lights jitna bhi kam heat generate karti hain, phir bhi wo heat hi sensitive hoti hain. LED ka temperature badhne se performance aur lifespan dono degrade ho jaate hain. Isiliye LED lights ke liye proper heat sinking aur cooling mechanisms hone chaahiye.

3) Low Level Light Pollution

Kyunki LED pointillist source of light hai, isliye roshni ki direction thodi control karni padti hai nahi toh light pollution badhta hai. Street lights ke case mein aise diffuse light distribution honi chaahiye ki it should not blind drivers.

4) Not Biodegradable

Hazardous materials ka use kam hone ki baat sahi hai, lekin LED lights mein kuchh non-biodegradable materials bhi use hote hain jaise aluminum. Isiliye saavdhaani se inhe dispose karna zaroori hai.

Electrical Advantages of LEDs

Har electronic device mein jaisi ki resistors, capacitors aur inductors lagate hain, waise hi LED ek bahut important component hai circuits mein. Inke advantages hain:

1) High Efficiency

LED conversion efficiency bahut achi hoti hai, matlab minimum input energy lagti hai maximum light output ke liye. Yeh 20-40% efficiency rate hoti hai LEDs ki.

2) Lifetime & Robustness

LEDs ki lifetime actually depend karti hai unke driver circuits par, jo unhe control karta hai. Lekin agar sahi se banaaye gayein hain toh 100,000 hours tak chal sakte hain.  

3) Fast Switching

LEDs can be switched on and off very rapidly without affecting their lifetime or light output. Isliye LED displays use hoti hain jahaan fast changing information dikhani hoti hai.

4) Small Size

Compact size aur ease of installation bhi ek bada advantage hai LED devices ka.

Aise hi kai automotive, industrial, electronics aur computer applications mein LEDs kaam aate hain aaj kal.

Toh yeh tha LED lights aur LED devices ke baare mein sab kuch. Jaisi bijli ka upyog badhta gaya, laalten bhi advance hoti gayi. Aaj kal LEDs ekdum advance aur efficient option ban chuke hain. Manufacturers bhi LEDs ko develop karke naye features laate ja rahe hain. Hopefully aane waale time mein LED lighting poori tarah traditional methods ko replace kar degi apni brightness aur energy efficiency ke karan.